Jamestown Post Journal

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Jamestown NY Post Journal 1946 - 0001: Jamestown NY Post Journal 1946 - 0002: Jamestown NY Post Journal 1946 - 0003: Jamestown NY Post Journal 1946 - 0004.

• Jamestown, Chautauqua, New York View more titles from this: CityCounty, State

• [Vol. 1, no. 1] (Oct. 1, 1941)-v. 25, no. 150 (Apr. 1, 1966).

• English

• Jamestown (N.Y.)--Newspapers.
• New York (State)--Jamestown.--fast--(OCoLC)fst01208958

• Available on microfilm from New York State Library, and from Bell and Howell, Micro Photo Div.
• Editor: J.A. Hall, 1941-
• Oct. 1, 1941 lacks vol. numbering; Oct. 2, 1941 numbered v. 1, no. 2.
• Sometimes issued as: Jamestown post journal.
• Special Jamestown Sesquicentennial ed. published: Aug. 13, 1960.

Jamestown (the United States) Show map of the United StatesCoordinates::EstablishedMay 14, 1607Abandonedbriefly in 1610; again after 1699Founded byThe Jamestown settlement in the was the first permanent in the Americas. It was located on the northeast bank of the about 2.5 mi (4 km) southwest of the center of modern. It was established by the as 'James Fort' on May 4, 1607; (May 14, 1607 ), and was considered permanent after a brief abandonment in 1610.

It followed several failed attempts, including the, established in 1585 on. Jamestown served as the colonial capital from 1616 until 1699. Map of, showing the terrain and location of the original 1607 fort. (Modern roads, causeway, and buildings not shown)Late in 1606, English with a from the to establish a colony in the New World. The fleet consisted of the ships, and, all under the leadership of Captain. They made a particularly long voyage of four months, including a stop in the, in, and subsequently, and finally departed for the American mainland on April 10, 1607.The expedition made landfall on April 26, 1607 at a place which they named. Under orders to select a more secure location, they set about exploring what is now and an outlet to the which they named the in honor of King.

Was elected president of the governing council on April 25, 1607. On May 14, he selected a piece of land on a large peninsula some 40 miles (64 km) inland from the Atlantic Ocean as a prime location for a fortified settlement. The river channel was a defensible strategic point due to a curve in the river, and it was close to the land, making it navigable and offering enough land for piers or wharves to be built in the future.

Perhaps the most favorable fact about the location was that it was uninhabited because the leaders of the nearby considered the site too poor and remote for. The island was swampy and isolated, and it offered limited space, was plagued by, and afforded only brackish river water unsuitable for drinking.The Jamestown settlers arrived in Virginia during a severe drought, according to a research study conducted by the Jamestown Archaeological Assessment (JAA) team in the 1990s. The JAA analyzed information from a study conducted in 1985 by David Stahle and others, who obtained drawings of 800 year-old bald cypress trees along the and rivers.

The lifespan of these trees is up to 1,000 years and their rings offer a good indication of an area's annual amount of rainfall. The borings revealed that the worst drought in 700 years occurred between 1606 and 1612. This severe drought affected the Jamestown colonists and Powhatan tribe's ability to produce food and obtain a safe supply of water. Salt along Jamestown Island. The ample wetlands on the island proved to be a breeding ground for mosquitoes.The settlers also arrived too late in the year to get crops planted. Many in the group were either gentlemen unused to work or their manservants, both equally unaccustomed to the hard labor demanded by the harsh task of carving out a viable colony.

One of these was, a former of, England who celebrated the first known Anglican in the territory of the future United States on June 21, 1607.In a few months, 80% of the party were dead; some of the survivors were deserting to the Indians whose land they had colonized. Virginia Native Americans had established settlements long before the English settlers arrived, and there were an estimated 14,000 in the region who were politically known as and who spoke an. They were the, ruled by their paramount chief known as or 'Chief Powhatan'. Wahunsenacawh initially sought to resettle the English colonists from Jamestown, considered part of territory, to another location known as where they would make metal tools for him as members of his Confederacy, but this never happened. Main articles: andAfter Smith was forced to return to England due to an explosion which gave him deep burn wounds during a trading expedition, the colony was led by, who proved incompetent in negotiating with the native tribes.

There are indications that those in London comprehended and embraced Smith's message. The mission of 1609 was to be by far the largest and best equipped. They also had a new purpose-built flagship, constructed, and placed in the most experienced of hands, Christopher Newport. Mass grave at Jamestown discovered by archaeologists, beneath the foundations of one of the later capitol buildingsOn June 2, 1609, Sea Venture set sail from as the flagship of a seven-ship fleet (towing two additional ) destined for Jamestown, Virginia as part of the, carrying 214 settlers. On July 24, the fleet ran into a strong storm, likely a, and the ships were separated. Although some of the ships did make it to Jamestown, the leaders, and most of the supplies had been aboard Sea Venture, which fought the storm for three days before Admiral of the Company, Sir, deliberately drove it onto the reefs of to prevent its foundering. This allowed all aboard to be landed safely.The survivors (including Lieutenant-General, Captain, Sylvester Jordain, later of, and secretary ) were stranded on Bermuda for approximately nine months.

During that time, they built two new ships, the Deliverance and Patience. The original plan was to build only one vessel, Deliverance, but it soon became evident that it would not be large enough to carry the settlers and all of the food (salted pork) that was being sourced on the islands.While the Third Supply was stranded in Bermuda, the colony at Jamestown was in even worse shape. In the ' of 1609–1610, the Jamestown settlers faced rampant starvation for want of additional provisions. During this time, lack of food drove people to eat snakes and even boil the leather from shoes for sustenance. Only 60 of the original 214 settlers at Jamestown survived. There is scientific evidence that the settlers at Jamestown had turned to during the starving time.The ships from Bermuda arrived in Jamestown on May 23, 1610. Many of the surviving colonists were near death, and Jamestown was judged to be unviable.

Everyone was boarded onto Deliverance and Patience, which set sail for England. However, on June 10, 1610, the timely, bearing Governor (who would eventually give his name to the colony of ), which met the two ships as they descended the James River, granted Jamestown a reprieve. The Colonists called this The Day of Providence. The, but also additional settlers.

All the settlers returned to the colony, though there was still a critical shortage of food.Relations between the colonists and the Powhatans quickly deteriorated after De La Warr's arrival, eventually leading to conflict. The lasted until captured Wahunsenacawh's daughter Matoaka, better known by her nickname, after which the chief accepted a treaty of peace.1610–1624: Rising fortunesDue to the backgrounds of many of the new colonists, a historic drought and the communal nature of their work load, progress through the first few years was inconsistent at best. By 1613, six years after Jamestown's founding, the organizers and shareholders of the Virginia Company were desperate to increase the efficiency and profitability of the struggling colony. Without stockholder consent the Governor, Sir, assigned 3-acre (12,000 m 2) plots to its ' and smaller plots to the settlement's later arrivals. Measurable economic progress was made, and the settlers began expanding their planting to land belonging to local native tribes. That this turnaround coincided with the end of a drought that had begun the year before the English settlers' arrival probably indicates multiple factors were involved besides the colonists' ineptitude.Among the colonists who survived the Third Supply was, who carried with him a cache of untested new seeds from Bermuda, which had grown wild there after being planted by shipwrecked Spaniards years before. In 1614, Rolfe began to successfully harvest tobacco.

Prosperous and wealthy, he married, daughter of, bringing several years of peace between the English and natives. However, at the end of a public relations trip to England, Pocahontas became sick and died on March 21, 1617. The following year, her father also died. Powhatan's brother, a fierce warrior named, became head of the. As the English continued to appropriate more land for tobacco farming, relations with the natives worsened.Due to the high cost of the trans-atlantic voyage at this time, many English settlers came to Jamestown as: in exchange for the passage, room, board, and the promise of land or money, these immigrants would agree to work for three to seven years. Immigrants from continental Europe, mainly Germans, were usually —they purchased some portion of their voyage on credit and, upon arrival, borrowed or entered into a work contract to pay the remainder of their voyage costs.Of the first documented to arrive in, on the frigate ' in 1619, were an African man and woman, later named Antoney and Isabella.

Their baby, named William Tucker, would become the first documented African child baptized in. Listed in the 1624 census in Virginia, they became the first African family recorded in Jamestown.In 1619, the first representative assembly in America, the General Assembly, convened in the, 'to establish one equal and uniform government over all Virginia' which would provide 'just laws for the happy guiding and governing of the people there inhabiting,' Initially, only men of English origin were permitted to vote.

On June 30, 1619, in what was the, the protested and refused to work if not allowed to vote ('). On July 21, 1619, the court granted the Poles equal. Afterwards, the (the first 'in American history' ) was ended and the resumed their work. Individual land ownership was also instituted, and the colony was divided into four large 'boroughs' or 'incorporations' called 'citties' by the colonists.

Jamestown was located in.After several years of strained coexistence, Chief Opchanacanough and his Powhatan Confederacy attempted to eliminate the English colony once and for all. On the morning of March 22, 1622, they attacked outlying plantations and communities up and down the James River in what became known as the.

More than 300 settlers were killed in the attack, about a third of the colony's English-speaking population. Sir 's development at, which was to feature a to educate the natives, and at, were both essentially wiped out. Jamestown was spared only through a timely warning by a Virginia Indian employee. There was not enough time to spread the word to the outposts.Of the 6,000 people who came to the settlement between 1608 and 1624, only 3,400 survived.

1624–1699: Later yearsIn 1624, King James revoked the Virginia Company's charter, and Virginia became a royal colony. Despite the setbacks, the colony continued to grow. Ten years later, in 1634, by order of, the colony was divided into the original eight (or ), in a fashion similar to that practiced in England. Jamestown was now located in, soon renamed the 'County of James City', better known in modern times as, the nation's oldest county.Another large-scale 'Indian attack' occurred in 1644. In 1646, Opchanacanough was captured and while in custody an English guard shot him in the back—against orders—and killed him. Subsequently, the Powhatan Confederacy began to decline.

Opechancanough's successor signed the first peace treaties between the Powhatan Indians and the English. The treaties required the Powhatan to pay yearly tribute payment to the English and confined them to reservations.A generation later, during in 1676, Jamestown was burned, eventually to be rebuilt. During its recovery, the Virginia legislature met first at Governor 's nearby, and later at, which had been started in 1632 as a fortified community inland on the, about 8 miles (13 km) distant.When the statehouse burned again in 1698, this time accidentally, the legislature again temporarily relocated to Middle Plantation, and was able to meet in the new facilities of the, which had been established after receiving a royal charter in 1693. Rather than rebuilding at Jamestown again, the capital of the colony was moved permanently to Middle Plantation in 1699.

The town was soon renamed, to honor the reigning monarch,. A new Capitol building and 'Governor's Palace' were erected there in the following years. This was a dramatic change that spelled the decline and doomed the town.Aftermath and preservation. 1854 image of the ruins of Jamestown showing the tower of the old built in the 17th centuryDue to the movement of the capital to Williamsburg, the old town of Jamestown began to slowly disappear from view.

Those who lived in the general area attended services at Jamestown's church until the 1750s, when it was abandoned. By the mid-18th century, the land was heavily cultivated, primarily by the Travis and Ambler families.During the, although the was fought nearby at the site of former Governor Berkeley's plantation, Jamestown was apparently inconsequential.In 1831, David Bullock purchased Jamestown from the Travis and Ambler families.American Civil WarDuring the, in 1861, who owned the Jamestown Island, occupied Jamestown with troops he raised at his own expense with the intention of blockading the James River and from the Union Navy. He was soon joined by Lieutenant, who directed the building of batteries and conducted ordnance and armor tests for the first Confederate, which was under construction at the in in late 1861 and early 1862.

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Jamestown had a peak force of 1,200 men.During the, which began later that spring, Union forces under General moved up the Peninsula from Fort Monroe in an attempt to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond. The Union forces captured in April 1862, and the was fought the following month.

With these developments, Jamestown and the lower James River were abandoned by the Confederates. Some of the forces from Jamestown, and the crew of Virginia, relocated to, a fortified and strategic position high above the river about 8 miles (13 km) below Richmond.

There, they successfully blocked the Union Navy from reaching the Confederate capital.Once in Federal hands, Jamestown became a meeting place for runaway slaves, who burned the Ambler house, an eighteenth-century plantation house, which along with the old church was one of the few remaining signs of old Jamestown. When Allen sent men to assess the damage in late 1862, they were killed by the former slaves. Following the Confederate surrender at, the oath of allegiance was administered to former Confederate soldiers at Jamestown. Preservation and early archaeology. Ruins of Jamestown Church at the turn of the 20th century, prior to the Tercentennial in 1907In the years after the Civil War, Jamestown became quiet and peaceful once again.

In 1892, Jamestown was purchased by Mr. Edward Barney. The following year, the Barneys donated 22½ acres of land, including the ruined church tower, to the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (now known as ).By this time, erosion from the river had eaten away the island's western shore. Visitors began to conclude that the site of James Fort lay completely underwater. With federal assistance, a was constructed in 1900 to protect the area from further erosion. The archaeological remains of the original 1607 fort, which had been protected by the sea wall, were not discovered until 1996.In 1932, of Richmond was credited with discovering the foundation of the first brick statehouse (capitol) building, circa 1646, at Jamestown on the land owned by Preservation Virginia.

Around 1936, Gregory, who was active with the, founded the for descendants of stockholders in the and the descendants of those who owned land or who had domiciles in Jamestown or on Jamestown Island prior to 1700.Colonial National Monument was authorized by the on July 3, 1930 and established on December 30, 1930. In 1934, the obtained the remaining 1,500 acres (610 hectares) portion of Jamestown Island which had been under private ownership by the Vermillion family. The National Park Service partnered with Preservation Virginia to preserve the area and present it to visitors in an educational manner. On June 5, 1936, the national monument was re-designated a, and became known as.From 1936 worked on the NPS's excavations at Jamestown. In 1954 took charge of field projects at Jamestown, conducted with the site's 350th anniversary (1957) in mind. Cotter worked with and Harrington to survey the area's colonial sites. In 1957 Cotter and J.

Paul Hudson co-authored. Cotter contributed, along with Jelks, Georg Neumann, and Johnny Hack, to the 1958 report Archaeological Excavations at Jamestown. Present dayIn the present time, as part of the, the area is home to two heritage tourism sites related to the original fort and town. Nearby, the service provides a link across the navigable portion of the for vehicles and affords passengers a view of from the river.Historic Jamestowne.

Main article:Historic Jamestowne, located at the original site of Jamestown, is administered by Preservation Virginia and the National Park Service. The central 22½ acres of land, where the archaeological remains of the original James Fort were found, are owned by (formerly known as the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities); the remaining 1,500 acres (6.1 km 2) are held by the and is part of the.The site gained renewed importance when in 1996 the project began excavations in search of the original James Fort site, originally in preparation for the quadricentennial of Jamestown's founding. The primary goal of the archaeological campaign was to locate archaeological remains of 'the first years of settlement at Jamestown, especially of the earliest fortified town; and the subsequent growth and development of the town'.Today, visitors to Historic Jamestowne can view the site of the original 1607 James Fort, the 17th-century church tower and the site of the 17th-century town, as well as tour an museum called the Archaearium and view many of the close to two million artifacts found by Jamestown Rediscovery.

They also may participate in ranger tours and Archaeological tours given by the Jamestown Rediscovery staff. Visitors can also often observe archaeologists from the Jamestown Rediscovery Project at work, as archaeological work at the site continues. As of 2014, the archaeological work and studies are ongoing. In addition to their newsletter and, new discoveries are frequently reported in the local newspaper, the based in nearby Williamsburg, and by other news media, often worldwide. Jamestown Settlement. Main article:Jamestown Settlement is a living-history park and museum located 1.25 miles (2.01 km) from the original location of the colony and adjacent to Jamestown Island.

Initially created for the celebration of the 350th anniversary in 1957, Jamestown Settlement is operated by the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation, and largely sponsored by the. The museum complex features a reconstruction of a Powhatan village, the James Fort as it was c. 1610–1614, and seagoing replicas of the three ships that brought the first settlers,.CommemorationsWith the national independence of the United States established by the end of the 18th century, Jamestown came to be looked at as a starting point. Its founding in 1607 has been regularly commemorated, with the most notable events being held every fifty years.200th anniversary (1807)The of Jamestown on May 13–14, 1807, was called the Grand National Jubilee. Over 3,000 people attended the event, many arriving on vessels which anchored in the river off the island.May 13 was the opening day of the festival, which began with a procession which marched to the graveyard of the old church, where the attending bishop delivered the prayer. The procession then moved to the Travis mansion, where the celebrants dined and danced in the mansion that evening. Also during the festivities, students of the gave orations.

An old barn on the island was used as a temporary theater, where a company of players from Norfolk performed. Attending were many dignitaries, politicians, and historians. The celebration concluded on May 14 with a dinner and toast at the in Williamsburg. 250th anniversary (1857)In 1857, the Jamestown society organized a celebration marking the 250th anniversary of Jamestown's founding. According to the Richmond Enquirer, the site for the celebration was on 10 acres (40,000 m 2) on the spot where some of the colonists' houses were originally built.

However, it is also speculated that the celebration was moved further east on the island closer to the Travis grave site, in order to avoid damaging Major 's corn fields.The attendance was estimated at between 6,000 and 8,000 people. Sixteen large steam ships anchored offshore in the James River and were gaily decorated with streamers.

Former US President of nearby gave a 2½ hour speech, and there were military displays, a grand ball and fireworks. 300th anniversary (1907): Jamestown Exposition. The Jamestown Tercentenary Monument, erected on Jamestown Island in 1907.

It stands 103 feet (31 m) tall.The 100th anniversary of the Surrender at Yorktown in 1781 had generated a new interest in the historical significance of the colonial sites of the Peninsula. Williamsburg, a sleepy but populated town of shops and homes, was still celebrating Civil War events. However, as the new century dawned, thoughts turned to the upcoming 300th anniversary of the founding of Jamestown. The Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (now known as ) started the movement in 1900 by calling for a celebration honoring the establishment of the first permanent English colony in the New World at Jamestown to be held on the 300th anniversary in 1907.As a celebration was planned, virtually no one thought that the actual isolated and long-abandoned original site of Jamestown would be suitable for a major event because Jamestown Island had no facilities for large crowds. The original fort housing the Jamestown settlers was believed to have been long ago swallowed by the. The general area in James City County near Jamestown was also considered unsuitable, as it was not very accessible in the day of before automobiles were common.As the tricentennial of the 1607 Founding of the Jamestown neared, around 1904, despite an assumption in some quarters that Richmond would be a logical location, leaders in began a campaign to have a celebration held there. The decision was made to locate the international exposition on a mile-long frontage at near the mouth of.

This was about 30 miles (48 km) downstream from Jamestown in a rural section of. It was a site which could become accessible by both long-distance passenger railroads and local streetcar service, with considerable frontage on the harbor of Hampton Roads. This latter feature proved ideal for the naval delegations which came from points all around the world.The of 1907 was one of the many and expositions that were popular in the early part of the 20th century. Held from April 26, 1907 to December 1, 1907, attendees included US President, of Germany, the Prince of Sweden, and dozens of other dignitaries and famous persons. A major naval review featuring the United States' was a key feature.

Military officials and leaders were impressed by the location, and the Exposition site later formed the first portion of the large U.S. In 1918 during. Of the United Kingdom and her consort inspect the replica of Susan Constant at Jamestown Festival Park in on October 16, 1957With America's increased access to automobiles, and with improved roads and transportation, it was feasible for the 350th anniversary celebration to be held at Jamestown itself in 1957. Although erosion had cut off the land bridge between Jamestown Island and the mainland, the isthmus was restored and new access provided by the completion of the National Park Service's which led to Williamsburg and, the other two portions of Colonial Virginia's. There were also improvements of state highways. The north landing for the popular and a portion of were relocated.Major projects such were developed by non-profit, state and federal agencies. Was established by the adjacent to the entrance to Jamestown Island.

Full-sized replicas of the three ships that brought the colonists, and were constructed at a shipyard in, and placed on display at a new dock at Jamestown, where the largest, Susan Constant, could be boarded by visitors. On Jamestown Island, the reconstructed, the Memorial Cross and the visitors center were completed and dedicated. A loop road was built around the island.Special events included army and navy reviews, air force fly-overs, ship and aircraft christenings and even an outdoor drama at, site of the first landing of the settlers. This celebration continued from April 1 to November 30 with over a million participants, including dignitaries and politicians such as the British Ambassador and U.S. Vice President. The highlight for many of the nearly 25,000 at the Festival Park on October 16, 1957 was the visit and speech of Queen and her consort,. Queen Elizabeth II loaned a copy of the for the exhibition.

It was her first visit to the United States since assuming the throne.The 1957 Jamestown Festival was so successful that tourists still kept coming long after the official event was completed. Jamestown became a permanent attraction of the, and has been visited by families, school groups, tours, and thousands of other people continuously ever since.400th anniversary: Jamestown 2007. Coins released in commemoration of the 400th anniversaryEarly in the 21st century, new accommodations, transportation facilities and attractions were planned in preparation for the quadricentennial of the founding of Jamestown. Numerous events were promoted under the banner of and promoted by the Jamestown 2007 Commission. The commemoration included 18 months of statewide, national and international festivities and events, which began in April 2006 with a tour of the new replica Godspeed.In January 2007, the held a session at Jamestown.

On May 4, 2007, Queen of the United Kingdom and attended a ceremony commemorating the 400th anniversary of the settlement's arrivals, reprising the honor they paid in 1957.In addition to the Virginia State Quarter, Jamestown was also the subject of two celebrating the 400th anniversary of its settlement. A and a were issued in 2007.2019 CommemorationIn 2019 Jamestown, in cooperation with, will hold a commemoration that marks the 400th anniversary of three landmark events in American history: the first meeting of the General Assembly, the arrival of the first Africans to English North America, and the first Thanksgiving. In popular culture.

A fictional romantic adventure set at Jamestown, was the. The novel was later adapted into two feature films, in and. A highly fictionalized version of the Jamestown settlement is depicted in the animated film (1995) as well as its direct-to-video sequel (1998). Among other inaccuracies it is shown as being near mountains, when it was actually located on the. A feature-length film, (2005), directed by, covers the story of Jamestown's colonization. Although the historical details are accurate in most ways, the plot focuses on a dramatized relationship between, played by, and, played. It also features, played.

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Swords and souls neverseen unblocked. Choose his weight, height, species, hairstyle, name, even taunt and victory quote. You travel to Gladiae Ultratus to beat other gladiators and become the most powerful one.Game PlayStart out the game by set your gladiator character. So, have fun on having experiment your character. Next, set the number of your character’s skill points. Take a note, every character has strength and weakness for example tall character is good at parrying but flaw in dodging.

Retrieved February 16, 2013. Archived from on August 18, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2016. CS1 maint: archived copy as title. To Look For America. Archived from on May 29, 2018.

Retrieved May 28, 2018.Attribution. This article incorporates from the document:. This article incorporates from the document:.Further reading. Christopher M. Allison, 'Jamestown's Relics: Sacred Presence in the English New World.' In Conversations: An Online Journal of the Center for the Study of Material and Visual Cultures of Religion (2016).:. Bernard Bailyn, The Barbarous Years: The Peopling of British North America: The Conflict of Civilizations, 1600–1675 (Vintage, 2012).

Warren M. Billings (Editor), The Old Dominion in the Seventeenth Century: A Documentary History of Virginia, 1606–1700 (University of North Carolina Press, 2007). Warren M. Billings, 'A Little Parliament; The Virginia General Assembly in the Seventeenth Century'; (Richmond, The Library of Virginia, in partnership with Jamestown 2007/Jamestown Yorktown Foundation. 2004). Dorothy Hoobler and Thomas Hoobler, Captain John Smith: Jamestown and the Birth of an American Dream (John Wiley and Sons, 2006). James Horn, A Land as God Made It (Perseus Books, 2005).

James Horn, '1619; Jamestown and the Forging of American Democracy'; (New York, Basic Books, 2018). Margaret Huber, Powhatan Lords of Life and Death: Command and Consent in Seventeenth-Century Virginia (University of Nebraska Press, 2008). William M.

Kelso, Jamestown, The Buried Truth (University of Virginia Press, 2006). James M. Lindgren, Preserving the Old Dominion: Historic Preservation and Virginia Traditionalism (University of Virginia, 1993). A. Bryant Nichols Jr., Captain Christopher Newport: Admiral of Virginia (Sea Venture, 2007). David A.

Price, Love and Hate in Jamestown (Alfred A. Knopf, 2003).

Helen C. Rountree, The Powhatan Indians of Virginia: Their Traditional Culture (University of Oklahoma Press, 2013). Ed Southern (Editor), Jamestown Adventure, The: Accounts of the Virginia Colony, 1605–1614 (Blair, 2011). Jocelyn R. Wingfield, Virginia's True Founder: and His Times (Booksurge, 2007). Benjamin Woolley, Savage Kingdom: The True Story of Jamestown, 1607, and the Settlement of America (Harper Perennial, 2008)External linksWikimedia Commons has media related to.has the text of a article about.

by John L. Cotter and J. Paul Hudson, (1957) at.